We are given the prime p and the integers to find the quadratic residue in p. The exact values of the prime is given in this link
Using Legendre Symbol and Euler’s criterion, a number a can have three cases:
(pa)≡a2p−1≡1 if a is a quadratic residue and a≡0modp (pa)≡a2p−1≡−1 if a is a quadratic non-residue modp (pa)≡a2p−1≡0 if a≡0modp But when the prime is of the form 4k+3, then using Euler’s criterion, if a number a indeed has a quadratic residue, then:...